People love that “content of their character” quote from MLK and always use it to suggest he was opposed to affirmative action. Wrong. He also recognized that, like it or not, skin color still is an issue, notwithstanding what our laws say. He also said, -“Whenever the issue of compensatory treatment for the Negro is raised, some of our friends recoil in horror. The Negro should be granted equality, they agree; but he should ask for nothing more. On the surface this appears reasonable, but it is not realistic. For it is obvious that if a man is entering the starting line in a race 300 years after another man, the first would have to perform some impossible feat in order to catch up with his fellow runner.”

Texas has been dogged with race issues in college admissions since 1996 when the state went around Hopwwod v. Texas and created HB 588, as it stands, over 85% of UT Austin students are admitted not based on race, but on high school class standings. Can race and other factors influence the remaining 15%, yes it should, just as legacy status, sports statistics and ogranization memberships do. BUT, is compelling interest only compelling if the student is Black, Hispanic or Asian, no and it should never be.

I think that race should be a factor. Honestly, it is somewhat easy to tell the race of someone by their stereotypical name (although that may not always be the case.) No University wants to say that they only have 3 African Americans, 2 Hispanics and 1 Asian attending their university. They want to say they have a diverse student body of 18% blacks, etc. The Universities don’t include race as a factor because they care if minorities to attend college, they want to not seem racist and that means they have to accept some black people. So if you think about it, it is still a racist decision either way it goes. White ppl take what MLK says out of context. That was over 50 years ago, and that doesn’t really apply to the way we live today. There is still racism in the world.

Colleges have limits on enrollment. That’s a hard fact. But for a college to specifically look at color as a special condition is a slap in the face of everyone. What happens to women, latino, asian, even middle europeans. Then there are the arab, hebrew, and more cultures & races than I can recall.

But does it not call for the best of academics to apply the best of measures? Are colleges lowering their standards by not seeking the very, very best at the expense of special conditions? And for those admitted, can they expect the best from these institution now?

Within the walls of most colleges, race should not be a condition of anything. It’s the mind, not the skin. And to suggest the the mind has less value lowers the quality of education for the entire academic population, including the population of diverse students who strive for, and deserve 100% .

And even the president addressed that it’s the individual who makes the difference.

J. Garcia alludes that when a person enters a race 300 years behind another person, that person must be given special access because of his/her situation. First of all, no person today has entered into any race 300 years behind another. You start your life/race at birth. If you and your parents create an environment that is conducive to learning and you strive to educate yourself, then you will succeed eventually. You cannot go through life waiting on others to give you access to something. You must earn that access. The laws of this country are very specific that you cannot discriminate against someone because of their race. Every time someone is granted access to something they have not earned to the detriment of someone who has earned that access, then you are discriminating against that person regardless of race.

I certainly hope Fischer appeals since this Texas court made a real stretch to apply the Supreme Court decision on the University of Michigan Law School case to this case. UT-Austin had already played every trick they could think of to increase Hispanic and Black student enrollment. Giving special considering in admissions to factors such as low family income, single parent household, English as second language, and first generation to attend certainly benefit Hispanic and Black students more than White students…and yet UT-Austin still isn’t content…so now they add race as a preference category to try to enroll even more Hispanic and Black students. The only way this Country will ever get past racism is when it becomes illegal to ask or categorize a person by race. Simply take the race question off the college admissions applications and consider the academic potential of the individual student to successfully complete college coursework.

No, it is WRONG to use race as a factor for college admissions. The best way to help so called minority students is to reform our K-12 education to ensure equality, so that they could be accepted into a college based on their true abilities. You don’t just give them “free ride” at the college level.

Another point, if Asian students can make it to college on their own merits, we should expect the other minorities can do the same.

The practice of affirmative action also hurts those minority students who are admitted on their own merits. They have to endure the suspection that the only reason they can get in is because of their skin colors.

Affirmative action is one of the reasons why we are more and more behind in math and science reasearch.

I think the picture used indicates a bias. Why are they arm wrestling with grimaces on their face? A court decision shows that admissions may use a broader range of criteria. Why not show a picture of people smiling and supporting each other. We should be supporting each other to be our best and to succede. We all benefit from better educated, well paying and tax paying citizens.

I agree with this comment:

The only way this Country will ever get past racism is when it becomes illegal to ask or categorize a person by race. Simply take the race question off the college admissions applications and consider the academic potential of the individual student to successfully complete college coursework.

This is really amazing to me that people continue to make race an issue. Obama’s speech to school children yesterday was about personal responsibility. His whole point was that there was no excuse for not excelling. You can’t keep blaming everyone else. Take charge and make use of the opportunities you have in getting a good education. The man woke up at 4:30am to receive instruction from his grandmother (or mother…sorry can’t remember but you get my point).

It is time this kind of thinking is applied to our whole society. Wouldn’t it be grand if our schools were not focused on color or religion, but on the applicant’s ability to achieve success. Not everyone can be a doctor or lawyer and we shouldn’t be criticizing those that go to trade schools or perform other professions in life not linked to a college education.

We are all human beings plain and simple. Nothing else should matter. Unfortunately we are now living in a Nanny country where many believe that they deserve to be taken care of because of their race, color, religion, socio-economic status, etc. Diligence, hard work and merit mean very little anymore.

I read an article written by Katrinia Brown, a white female,on CNN web site and all of you really need to read in order to begin to slighty understand what you are discussing here. In it she basically stated the following: “Immigrants struggled when they arrived here in the U.S. but found routes to prosperity closed to Black American for a century after slavery as a result of official and unofficial segregation.

Within two to three generations, my Irish ancestors were solidly middle-class, not because they worked harder than Black-Americans but because they were white. They worked hard, and the system worked for them: home loans, home values that rose in white neighborhoods and not in black ones, college loans, access to better-paid jobs … it all added up.

Slavery was central to building this nation, paving the way for so many, at the expense of so many. It was a national institution, not a Southern fluke or a sin of the wealthy few.
As white Americans today, we can be proud that we don’t have the prejudices of our forefathers, but we’ve inherited various blind spots and head starts, and it takes more than a couple of generations post-civil rights and affirmative action to create the level playing field we extol.”

“There are so many lingering “structural inequalities ones without clear racist villains but that are embedded, like the fact that schools are funded with property taxes, so poor black neighborhoods, the legacy of earlier eras of discrimination, are not able to fund the quality schools that we say all our children deserve.
From the wealth gap to the health gap to the education gap, let’s explore how the dots connect from the past to the present and commit to finding solutions that should be race-neutral at times and at other moments should be race-sensitive.” additional comments by katrina Brown.

Systematic under-resourcing of certain ethnic groups is a reality that interferes with their ability to compete on a merit basis, collectively speaking. Affirmative Action is designed to offer opportunity to those who have systematically been denied opportunity. Most privileged people don’t know that they are privileged, and when they are asked to make a sacrifice tend to find it egregious. Affirmative action is well-conceived to address a collective problem, but unfair on an individual basis, so it will never be fully accepted. For now, it is something its victims will have to put up with, even as racial exclusion has been endured by its victims.

While it can be said that this country has taken some significant strides towards equality, it’s still quite a ways away from reaching utopia.

I recently watched a semi-documentary with the title “A Prom in Mississippi” where it highlighted a high school in Mississippi that had a racially segregated Senior Prom.

When Morgan Freeman, who apparently grew up in Mississippi, in an attempt to break the practice offered to pick up the bill of the Senior Prom if they held an integrated prom, he met with a great deal of criticism from some of the non-minority parents.

I have to admit that I was a little bit taken back to realize that in the here and now, there are still parts of our society that cling to the ‘old’ ways of doing things.

Affirmative action isn’t perfect, but it is a way of trying to level the playing field. In many cases it helps to open doors that have historically been kept shut; however, once you get through the door, you do have to work in order to stay in.

To be truly equal, race should not be in the equation at all.

Instead of forcing admission, we (as the nation) should make sure students (of any race) have the resource and help they need to be successful in pursuing advance study of their choice.

I don’t see any basketball team to be forced to take shorter players on their team. Could that be interpreted by some people as discrimination also??

Are you kidding? Is this a serious question? Race already is, and has always been, a factor in university admissions. The only reason it is being highlighted at this time is because students of color are the prospective “beneficiaries”. Since the beginning of higher education in the U.S. the race of white students has been taken into consideration and they have been granted admission preferences as a result of this. They have enjoyed this unfair and undemocratic admissions advantage for generations. The untold numbers of Black and Latino/a students who could not even think about gaining admission to the nation’s universities due to the preference and unfair advantage assigned to racial whiteness is staggeringly shameful.

The topic is about using race in admissions. GB hit the target dead center with his comment about socioeconomics. Debi’s suggestion “Simply take the race question off the college admissions applications …” is the most reasonable.

I understand the hype and I agree with the stance that race should not be a factor but the reason for Affirmative Action coming into existence is because minorities were excluded from equal opportunities in education and employment. Inferior textbooks and educational systems which in turn led to limited access in employment and economic capital. This argument isn’t just an issue regarding race it also hinges on issues regarding access to wealth in education and economic power period.

As long as you have differences based on family income separating those from entrance who have aptitude but no resources aren’t you still going to have an access issue? What about the advantages of legacy which cause a student to gain entrance over another student because they have had family members attend Harvard, Oxford, Yale, Princeton causing them to receive entrance in addition to their grades over those who have the grades yet no family member that has gained entrance into an Ivy League School? These pillars of education practiced exclusion verses inclusion until recent decades.

How do we solve the problem??? I like Justin C’s statement of taking the race boxes off of the applications, but is that enough? Names are still stereotyped which is why so many Jews changed their names after the Holocaust to fit in rather than stick out. And to go even deeper there are boxes to check if you are Black, Asian, Hispanic, Native American and then Caucasian. The funny thing is this is where it all starts because the Irish can hide under Caucasian as the Polish, the Greek, Italian, etc. Those that are high profile who are most recognizable by sight are the only ones asked to identify and then the games begin that stir up inequality.

If we get rid of all the games, and promote education as a nation in competing with every other nation and see the value in every American boy and girl no matter what race nationality or hue and their worth in keeping this nation strong then we won’t have time for isms and schisms. But until then this issue will continue as well as those who benefit from our separation and plight.

It seems almost pointless to continue in this conversation with individuals who, in the face of historical facts to the contrary, beleive that it is minorities who insist on bringing race into the equation, as if white folks never did and still don’t. That simply isn’t the case. Yes, socio-economic status is a big factor, but you can disguise being poor–you can’t hide being Black no matter where you live or how you dress and people still make assumptions about you based on your race. Affirmative action may be challenged as a tool to correct the hsitorical legacy of racism and it may be challenged on very principled grounds. However, it is intellectually dishonest and unfair to an individual who is no longer around to stake out his own position to argue that Dr. King was oppsoed to affirmative action or race based remedies. His own words demonstrate that he was not. And, as one of the Supreme Court justices argued, simply ignoring race (or pretneding to) is not the answer. As Justice Harry Blackmun said, “In order to get beyond racism, we must first take account of race…”

~Barry Pinstin……..BRAVO !! WELL SAID!

I have two questions no one talk about and ignored.
1. If race is an issue, why the invisible minority is not even mention. Why is that race always a question between Black and White. What happen to the rest of the invisible minority? Why is that I never heard any one complaint about inequality in jobs and education for the invisible minority? Its all come down to politics. The fewer of certain race, the more discrimination opposed on them. History is repeating, the majority wins, the rest can sweep under the carpet.

2. If race is not an issue and people talk about admission should based on good grade and academic standing. Then, how come a invisible minority who have top grade and academic high standard and denied for admission? Because invisible minority has no representation and has no say and because the invisible minorities are insignificant in population. Who cares?

There is nothing wrong with the universities or college. It is the people who manage it. It is the people who want to have control over the others. It is people who want to have power. It is about people cannot accept others who are different from them. It is people do not accept or believe people who are not their type of skin better then them. Therefore, politic comes into play. People can say or put in writing anything they want to make things look good, but deep in, things just go the opposite: hidden agenda, minipulation of race card, distortion, and deniel.

I am a professor at a south Texas university that is more than 95% Latino. However, I have worked at colleges in California that were ethnically diverse and schools in Wisconsin that were more than 95% white. What I have found is that college students are college students regardless of the color of their skin. They are all there to build a life for themselves and they will make similar mistakes and share similar joys and it doesn’t matter what their ethnicity is. Everyone deserves that chance, if they have put the effort into becoming academically prepared for college and can find a way to fund their education.

What gets lost is that college is not a right and no one is entitled to it. It is not compulsory and it is not for everyone. If a high school student does not prepare themselves for college they should not be accepted over someone else who has. It does not matter if they are black, white, purple or green. If one is not prepared to meet the rigorous demands college presents then it is a disservice to the student to place them there before they are ready. It is also disservice to those students who were well prepared, but who were cut out though they could have done well if given the chance.

We would be better off puting our efforts into helping minority students become better prepared for college in the first place so that this isn’t an issue. Instead of looking at college enrollment practices lets look at early education, middle schools, and high schools. We need to strengthen their foundation in education so that this becomes a non-issue.

I don’t believe race should be considered in any situation. Why should the color of a person’s skin determine whether or not they get into a particular school or be hired for a certain job? There is racism among ALL races. Therefore, when being considered for admission to a university or for employment, RACE should be totally out of the picture. To consider white, black, brown in admissions or employment as a factor IS DISCRIMINATION…I don’t care how it is sugar-coated. You can put any excuse out there you want, and there are millions of excuses, but RACISM is RACISM and any time race is considered for school or job opportunities, you can just call it what it is! If you don’t consider an Asian or African American for a job in a white neighborhood just because everyone is used to looking at white people, then you are a racist. If a white person goes into a restaurant with all black employees and black patrons are given preferential treatment, then it’s RACISM, people. Not everyone is a racist and I think progress is being made, but most people still have a long way to go.

Affirmative Action is based on a fundamentally racist, demeaning premise posited by (at the risk of egregious, blatant stereotyping) rich white northeastern liberal academics. That premise is that some groups/classes/races are fundamentally incapable of overcoming whatever obstacles are placed before them without the intervention of the government. The position taken by the proponents of Affirmative Action is, at core, that if you are black in America you are unable to succeed without the government dictating that you be given preferred treatment due solely to the fact that your skin is a different color. It’s the very essence of racism.

For the white majority, the presence of Affirmative Action policies reinforces the racist notion of incapable minorities by giving the notion the weight of validity backed by the government; if it’s Federal policy then it must be so. For the black “beneficiary” of Affirmative Action efforts, he must forever wonder if he truly achieved what he achieved on his own merits, or if he was given an easier time of it; furthermore, he must at some level recognize and deeply resent the underlying assumption that he really couldn’t have managed on his own without the kindly hand of Federal intervention just because he’s black.

Maybe the playing field is level and maybe it isn’t. But until such unutterably improbable future time in which there are no prejudices and biases, let us not pretend that shifting the balance in the the opposite direction is a just or desirable endeavor. A “fair” society would say “Ok, you had your turn on top, now it’s these other folks’ turn to be on top” (or to put it another way, it’s merely a color reversal of Jim Crow, but I hesitate to say that as it might just be too inflammatory).

A truly JUST society on the other hand, would say, “We are giving everybody the same chance, and nobody gets preferential treatment.” I don’t want to ignore the fact that the deck was stacked against minorities (particularly, given the practice of slavery, the blacks) in the past; but while acknowledging that the nation was wrong let us not fulfill some misbegotten notion that we must in compensation stack the deck in the other direction.

Congrats, LeTarro, you have bought in to victimhood big time and so can look forward to a life of ‘oppression’ whatever good things may happen to you. People like you make me wonder what is the point of NOT being prejudiced when you’re going to be branded as such because of your skin color regardless.

No child or young adult should be left behind it does not matter what your race is and to hold you back because your not protected under the law make every thing this country has work for a sham. and our government a joke. every one has a right to that eduction or no one it can not be it can’t be pick and chose.

Kudos to the ‘silent majority’ who rendered opinions. James Jones, Bill, John Hughes, Justin Calloway, and Bruce McIntosh are to be commended for their insightful comments. Racism WILL comtinue as long as there is preferential treatment based solely on skin color. Surely Affirmative Action has been in practice long enough that people understand the concept of rewarding ability and effort- not just race. It is time for legislation and the courts (which have been legislating instead of adjudicating) to acknowledge that government should be taken out of the equation for the sake of the survival of this nation. Resentments and revenge will only continue to grow and expand if such situations continue, and this nation will face much worse situations then. Politics has once again corrupted this society. It is time for the ‘silent majority’ to hold politicians accountable for their neglect (ignorance?) of the Constitution.

Priveleged’s comments, “Is admitting based on race the final answer…no, but for now until American society is equal in everyway it will be!” reflects a utopian dream that will never be, has never been, and has ben tried via the communist approach; we all know how that worked out; everyone except the elite few went down to the poverty level; but they were “equal”. Diversity is divisive and a bunch of PC bull crap. This nations success, however imperfect it is, is still greater than anything in history at providing the individual the opportunity to succeed on their own initiative, and was achieved by emphasizing our unity as one people, not our diferences and prior cultures. All the emphasis on our differences is tearing our country apart, NOT bringing us together, and is worsened and prolonged by skin color descrimination for admissions or any other purpose. Past history will only be past history when it is behind us and not practiced today; this current practice is only making new victims.

Not everyone “White” grows up in middle income or better -So why this generalization that everyone “white” is automatically better off??

Race should not be a consideration for college admission –If a student has good grades, no matter who they are, there will be opportunities for them to proceed to college. Students (no matter background or ethnicity) from the start of High school need to be encouraged to work as hard as possible on their education.

Every college has different standards for admission – starting with GPA, SAT and or ACT scores. Are we going to argue that is discriminating against students too??

The answer should, of course, be no. I’ve sat on enrollment and diversity boards for nearly 40 years, which is when affirmative action policities became transparent to me. I would argue that diversity and affirmative action principles have caused more damage and more anger and more discrimination than any policy ever instituted by universities. I’ve also seen students, who, after more than 5 years of hard work and enormous hardship leading up to the PhD, be denied employment – permanently within the academic commuity – because of their (white) race (?). I’ve never understood why, for example, 2 Hispanics make us more diverse than, say, someone who’s Irish and one who’s Greek.
I’ve also asked, repeatedly, when affirmative action ends. And the answer is never. Our courts, misguided as they are, are the last hope to end this nonsense and destructive policy.

Here’s a real but unspoken issue: We should not think for a moment that the wisdom of one man wearing black robes is somehow superior to that of all others. Good intent is does not create goodness. The comments posted by Don H. exemplifies the law of unintended consequences. Kudos to those speaking out.

I disagree with Barry Pinstin. No two prospects are exactly alike except for race being the difference. No two prospects come with the SAME exact experience in school, volunteerism, and ability to communicate. If Higher Ed judges two Prospects to be exactly the SAME but for race and ethnicity, then they are not asking the correct questions, nor interviewing extensively, and looking into the past experience of the candidate for clues into the future performance of that candidate.
There is always something unique about a person that would fit one Institution of Higher Ed over another. For instance if two candidates had applications in the School of Forestry at Yale University and both they were very promising scholars but for one difference: one volunteered in reforestation for two summers in Washington State and the other volunteered 4 summers in a row in developing local shared community vegetable gardens. Which one would you pick that would speak to the direction of the Dept of Forestry? It’s clear that one is more non-profit driven, while the other has gained a more global view of the earth’s resources. The proof is not creating diversity through choosing color, but by choosing the best fit.

Myt background is Irish-Italian and I’m a mother of part African children. I want them to be judged, especially by Higher Ed, by their character, experiences, how they resolved their issues/mistakes, what they have offered to their community, volunteerism, and by their achievement in school and their command over communication and experience in public speaking.

I work at an esteemed private liberal arts college with a thrust, almost with hubris, toward diversity. I live day by day watching what happens when students are chosen to bring the numbers up. They feel segregated, thrust into small “workshops” with black-only students for separate Orientations. The anger that has come out of our students simmers beneath the quite waters of a school constantly pushing the numbers higher and higher. These students feel that they should not be treated any differently than their peers, and every day that are reminded that they are differently treated then their peers.

I think all of us who care for one side or the other on this hot topic have been impacted one way or another. I’m either impacted or witness every day of my life what it is like to be judged by race. We are all inherently racist. And the ones who livid in reading that comment, are the ones who judge without cognizance of their own thoughts and actions.

Once higher ed does more to attract diversity based on future promise and past experience, not race, the institutions will see that their body of students will become diverse.

The other side of that is the high schools from which diversity shall come. That’s a tough one to just answer in a brief response here. Many our nation’s poor school districts do not have the experience or knowledge to provide the support necessary to take children under their wing and coach them through school, studies, communication, volunteerism, and into higher ed. Parents must take a large chunk of that role. It’s complicated, though, and fodder for another discussion.

Why is it that most people don’t consider racism against whites? You do NOT have to be white to be a racist.

I teach at a college and it seems that we recruit/accept many students who don’t really want an education. Many of our students quit coming to class after they receive their pell grant check refunds/loans/etc.

Why can’t we look at each perspective student’s application without looking at their color?
I think it should only be based on grades, ACT scores, etc.

Kim R. – I also work at a University. Are you implying that students are being recruited for College and don’t want to go but want the money??

The Pell grants/loans are sent directly to the school and applied to a students tuition costs. If a student receiving Financial aid drops a course(s) and his/her credit hours fall below Full-time student status, Financial services is notified. The student should get credited an amount that he or she paid BUT that student does not get one cent of the “financial aid” money. In fact this year in my department one student who qualified for financial aid dropped out of a required course and fell below 9 credit hours, making her status part-time. She tried to keep her FT status (financial aid) by taking a non related course and was denied future Financial aid.

I think this is off the point of discussion about if race should be a determination for admission.

No, this is not OK! This is horrible.

Discrimination against people of European descent is so common now, it seems the government takes a course on a slow extermination of White people.

White people should try to get a Homeland for themselves, to stop this ongoing genocide and suppression. Jews could get a Jewish Homeland (Israel). European Americans should follow their example and create a White People Homeland, to stop such discrimination and genocide.

These days it seems practically impossible to have any organization on campus, which would stand for the interests of European Americans. Others races get such organization routinely, and even get funding from colleges and universities. If this is not racism, then what racism is?

“Of course using skin color is wrong since some people might be white but come from countries where there ancestors were slaves and other people might be black but could be coming from very wealthy families in Africa.”

Whether someone’s ancestors were slaves, slave owners, or none of the above, is patently irrelevant. Wrongdoing is not hereditary. Neither is victimhood. My grandmother was the victim of rape. Does that make me a victim of rape as well? Should the grandchildren of her rapist be required to bow and scrape before me? Should they be required to give up a job or a placement at a good school to me or other members of my family?

In truth, everyone alive is the descendant of slaves. It doesn’t matter which continent your heritage can be traced to either. Slavery has existed in every corner of the world at one time or another. It is only in modern times that it has been largely (but not completely) eradicated.

Race based discrimination is wrong. It doesn’t matter which racial group is given preferential treatment and which group gets the short end of the stick. It is wrong in all its forms. It is wrong when a white person is given a job on the basis of their skin color. It is wrong when a black person is given a job on the basis of their skin color. It is wrong when Asian students or Jewish students are held to a higher standard in terms of their grades or SAT scores when applying to a university. It is wrong when standards are lowered for black or latino students.

Race based admissions policies are inherently racist. This can be seen in the rationale used to justify them. Only someone who believes that individuals from certain races are inferior to individuals from other races would suggest that race based admissions processes must be employed to ensure that the supposedly inferior races are represented in sufficient numbers. Only a racist would believe that uniform standards would exclude members of certain races.

It is the condescending sort of racism that says to those it is directed against: “I know you’re not strong enough, smart enough, or of good enough character to succeed, so I’m going to be nice and give you a pass just to show much sympathy I have for people like you.” It is KKK with good manners racism. It does a vast disservice to everyone of every creed and color who succeeded because they possessed the talent and determination to achieve their goals without special treatment.

HigherEdMorning wrote:

“When is a public university’s student body diverse enough? When it has a ‘critical mass’ of minority students — that is, enough to ‘assure educational benefits deriving from diversity,’ the court said.”

Critical mass? Is that like a self-sustaining Eucharist rite at the Catholic Church? Or maybe they mean people have to think outside the box in order to gain synergy so that an action item does not drink the Kool Aid and thereafter be viewed as having no more value than lipstick on a pig.

That the ruling is to ‘assure educational benefits deriving from diversity,’ is equally as obfuscating, and hints of being stereotypical.

However one feels about this ruling is beyond my discussion. I am not even an English professor and I cringe at the way they try to logically work through a problem.

I can appreciate the vague structure of federal laws sent to states for clarification, but based on these statements (and they may be anecdotal) I think the court gave the impression of deciding on a matter but actually returned the complaint back to the sender, unopened.

I can understand why lawyers have problems with Latin but, based on this sample, it appears that more than one Justice slept thought Comp 100.